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revision 1.3 by joko, Fri Oct 25 11:40:37 2002 UTC revision 1.11 by joko, Wed Dec 11 06:53:19 2002 UTC
# Line 1  Line 1 
1  #################################  # $Id$
2  #  #
3  #  $Id$  # Copyright (c) 2002  Andreas Motl <andreas.motl@ilo.de>
4    #
5    # See COPYRIGHT section in pod text below for usage and distribution rights.
6    #
7    ############################################
8  #  #
9  #  $Log$  #  $Log$
10    #  Revision 1.11  2002/12/11 06:53:19  joko
11    #  + updated pod
12    #
13    #  Revision 1.10  2002/12/07 03:37:23  joko
14    #  + updated pod
15    #
16    #  Revision 1.9  2002/12/01 22:15:45  joko
17    #  - sub createDb: moved to handler
18    #
19    #  Revision 1.8  2002/11/29 04:48:23  joko
20    #  + updated pod
21    #
22    #  Revision 1.7  2002/11/17 06:07:18  joko
23    #  + creating the handler is easier than proposed first - for now :-)
24    #  + sub testAvailability
25    #
26    #  Revision 1.6  2002/11/09 01:04:58  joko
27    #  + updated pod
28    #
29    #  Revision 1.5  2002/10/29 19:24:18  joko
30    #  - reduced logging
31    #  + added some pod
32    #
33    #  Revision 1.4  2002/10/27 18:35:07  joko
34    #  + added pod
35    #
36  #  Revision 1.3  2002/10/25 11:40:37  joko  #  Revision 1.3  2002/10/25 11:40:37  joko
37  #  + enhanced robustness  #  + enhanced robustness
38  #  + more logging for debug-levels  #  + more logging for debug-levels
# Line 16  Line 46 
46  #  Revision 1.1  2002/10/10 03:43:12  cvsjoko  #  Revision 1.1  2002/10/10 03:43:12  cvsjoko
47  #  + new  #  + new
48  #  #
49  #  ############################################
50  #################################  
51    
52    BEGIN {
53      $Data::Storage::VERSION = 0.02;
54    }
55    
56    
57    =head1 NAME
58    
59      Data::Storage - Interface for accessing various Storage implementations for Perl in an independent way
60    
61    
62    =head1 AIMS
63    
64      - should encapsulate Tangram, DBI, DBD::CSV and LWP:: to access them in an unordinary (more convenient) way ;)
65      - introduce a generic layered structure, refactor *SUBLAYER*-stuff, make (e.g.) this possible:
66        Perl Data::Storage[DBD::CSV]  ->  Perl LWP::  ->  Internet HTTP/FTP/*  ->  Host Daemon  ->  csv-file
67      - provide generic synchronization mechanisms across arbitrary/multiple storages based on ident/checksum
68        maybe it's possible to have schema-, structural- and semantical modifications synchronized???
69    
70    
71    =head1 SYNOPSIS
72    
73    =head2 BASIC ACCESS
74    
75    =head2 ADVANCED ACCESS
76    
77      ... via inheritance:
78      
79        use Data::Storage;
80        my $proxyObj = new HttpProxy;
81        $proxyObj->{url} = $url;
82        $proxyObj->{payload} = $content;
83        $self->{storage}->insert($proxyObj);
84        
85        use Data::Storage;
86        my $proxyObj = HttpProxy->new(
87          url => $url,
88          payload => $content,
89        );
90        $self->{storage}->insert($proxyObj);
91    
92    
93    =head2 SYNCHRONIZATION
94    
95      my $nodemapping = {
96        'LangText' => 'langtexts.csv',
97        'Currency' => 'currencies.csv',
98        'Country'  => 'countries.csv',
99      };
100    
101      my $propmapping = {
102        'LangText' => [
103          [ 'source:lcountrykey'  =>  'target:country' ],
104          [ 'source:lkey'         =>  'target:key' ],
105          [ 'source:lvalue'       =>  'target:text' ],
106        ],
107        'Currency' => [
108          [ 'source:ckey'         =>  'target:key' ],
109          [ 'source:cname'        =>  'target:text' ],
110        ],
111        'Country' => [
112          [ 'source:ckey'         =>  'target:key' ],
113          [ 'source:cname'        =>  'target:text' ],
114        ],
115      };
116    
117      sub syncResource {
118    
119        my $self = shift;
120        my $node_source = shift;
121        my $mode = shift;
122        my $opts = shift;
123        
124        $mode ||= '';
125        $opts->{erase} ||= 0;
126        
127        $logger->info( __PACKAGE__ . "->syncResource( node_source $node_source mode $mode erase $opts->{erase} )");
128      
129        # resolve metadata for syncing requested resource
130        my $node_target = $nodemapping->{$node_source};
131        my $mapping = $propmapping->{$node_source};
132        
133        if (!$node_target || !$mapping) {
134          # loggger.... "no target, sorry!"
135          print "error while resolving resource metadata", "\n";
136          return;
137        }
138        
139        if ($opts->{erase}) {
140          $self->_erase_all($node_source);
141        }
142      
143        # create new sync object
144        my $sync = Data::Transfer::Sync->new(
145          storages => {
146            L => $self->{bizWorks}->{backend},
147            R => $self->{bizWorks}->{resources},
148          },
149          id_authorities        =>  [qw( L ) ],
150          checksum_authorities  =>  [qw( L ) ],
151          write_protected       =>  [qw( R ) ],
152          verbose               =>  1,
153        );
154        
155        # sync
156        # todo: filter!?
157        $sync->syncNodes( {
158          direction       =>  $mode,                 # | +PUSH | +PULL | -FULL | +IMPORT | -EXPORT
159          method          =>  'checksum',            # | -timestamp | -manual
160          source          =>  "L:$node_source",
161          source_ident    =>  'storage_method:id',
162          source_exclude  =>  [qw( id cs )],
163          target          =>  "R:$node_target",
164          target_ident    =>  'property:oid',
165          mapping         =>  $mapping,
166        } );
167    
168      }
169    
170    
171    =head2 NOTE
172    
173      This module heavily relies on DBI and Tangram, but adds a lot of additional bugs and quirks.
174      Please look at their documentation and/or this code for additional information.
175    
176    
177    =head1 REQUIREMENTS
178    
179      For full functionality:
180        DBI              from CPAN
181        DBD::mysql       from CPAN
182        Tangram 2.04     from CPAN         (hmmm, 2.04 won't do in some cases)
183        Tangram 2.05     from http://...   (2.05 seems okay but there are also additional patches from our side)
184        Class::Tangram   from CPAN
185        DBD::CSV         from CPAN
186        MySQL::Diff      from http://adamspiers.org/computing/mysqldiff/
187        ... and all their dependencies
188    
189    =cut
190    
191    # The POD text continues at the end of the file.
192    
 # aim_V1: should encapsulate Tangram, DBI, DBD::CSV and LWP:: to access them in an unordinary way ;)  
 # aim_V2: introduce a generic layered structure, refactor *SUBLAYER*-stuff, make (e.g.) this possible:  
 #               - Perl Data::Storage[DBD::CSV]  ->  Perl LWP::  ->  Internet HTTP/FTP/*  ->  Host Daemon  ->  csv-file  
193    
194  package Data::Storage;  package Data::Storage;
195    
# Line 29  use strict; Line 197  use strict;
197  use warnings;  use warnings;
198    
199  use Data::Storage::Locator;  use Data::Storage::Locator;
200    use Data::Dumper;
201    
202    # TODO: actually implement level (integrate with Log::Dispatch)
203    my $TRACELEVEL = 0;
204    
205  # get logger instance  # get logger instance
206  my $logger = Log::Dispatch::Config->instance;  my $logger = Log::Dispatch::Config->instance;
# Line 37  sub new { Line 209  sub new {
209    my $invocant = shift;    my $invocant = shift;
210    my $class = ref($invocant) || $invocant;    my $class = ref($invocant) || $invocant;
211    #my @args = normalizeArgs(@_);    #my @args = normalizeArgs(@_);
212      
213    my $arg_locator = shift;    my $arg_locator = shift;
214    my $arg_options = shift;    my $arg_options = shift;
215      
216    #my $self = { STORAGEHANDLE => undef, @_ };    #my $self = { STORAGEHANDLE => undef, @_ };
217    my $self = { STORAGEHANDLE => undef, locator => $arg_locator, options => $arg_options };    my $self = { STORAGEHANDLE => undef, locator => $arg_locator, options => $arg_options };
218    $logger->debug( __PACKAGE__ . "[$self->{locator}->{type}]" . "->new(@_)" );    #$logger->debug( __PACKAGE__ . "[$self->{locator}->{type}]" . "->new(@_)" );
219      $logger->debug( __PACKAGE__ . "[$arg_locator->{type}]" . "->new(@_)" );
220    return bless $self, $class;    return bless $self, $class;
221  }  }
222    
# Line 54  sub AUTOLOAD { Line 227  sub AUTOLOAD {
227    #     - Deep recursion on subroutine "Data::Storage::AUTOLOAD"    #     - Deep recursion on subroutine "Data::Storage::AUTOLOAD"
228    #     - Deep recursion on subroutine "Data::Storage::Handler::Abstract::AUTOLOAD"    #     - Deep recursion on subroutine "Data::Storage::Handler::Abstract::AUTOLOAD"
229    #     - Deep recursion on anonymous subroutine at [...]    #     - Deep recursion on anonymous subroutine at [...]
230    # we also might filter log messages caused by logging itself in "advanced logging of AUTOLOAD calls"    # we also might filter log messages caused by logging to itself in "advanced logging of AUTOLOAD calls"
231        
232    my $self = shift;    my $self = shift;
233    our $AUTOLOAD;    our $AUTOLOAD;
# Line 65  sub AUTOLOAD { Line 238  sub AUTOLOAD {
238    my $method = $AUTOLOAD;    my $method = $AUTOLOAD;
239    $method =~ s/^.*:://;    $method =~ s/^.*:://;
240    
241    # advanced logging of AUTOLOAD calls    # advanced logging of AUTOLOAD calls ...
242      my $logstring = "";    # ... nice but do it only when TRACING (TODO) is enabled
243      $logstring .= __PACKAGE__ . "[$self->{locator}->{type}]" . "->" . $method;      if ($TRACELEVEL) {
244      #print "count: ", $#_, "\n";        my $logstring = "";
245      #$logstring .= Dumper(@_) if ($#_ != -1);        $logstring .= __PACKAGE__ . "[$self->{locator}->{type}]" . "->" . $method;
246      my $tabcount = int( (80 - length($logstring)) / 10 );        #print "count: ", $#_, "\n";
247      $logstring .= "\t" x $tabcount . "(AUTOLOAD)";        #$logstring .= Dumper(@_) if ($#_ != -1);
248      # TODO: only ok if logstring doesn't contain        my $tabcount = int( (80 - length($logstring)) / 10 );
249      #            e.g. "Data::Storage[Tangram]->insert(SystemEvent=HASH(0x5c0034c))          (AUTOLOAD)"        $logstring .= "\t" x $tabcount . "(AUTOLOAD)";
250      # but that would be way too specific as long as we don't have an abstract handler for this  ;)        # TODO: only ok if logstring doesn't contain
251      $logger->debug( $logstring );        #            e.g. "Data::Storage[Tangram]->insert(SystemEvent=HASH(0x5c0034c))          (AUTOLOAD)"
252          # but that would be _way_ too specific as long as we don't have an abstract handler for this  ;)
253    # filtering AUTOLOAD calls        $logger->debug( $logstring );
254          #print join('; ', @_);
255        }
256        
257      # filtering AUTOLOAD calls and first-time-touch of the actual storage impl
258    if ($self->_filter_AUTOLOAD($method)) {    if ($self->_filter_AUTOLOAD($method)) {
259        #print "_accessStorage\n";
260      $self->_accessStorage();      $self->_accessStorage();
261      $self->{STORAGEHANDLE}->$method(@_);      $self->{STORAGEHANDLE}->$method(@_);
262    }    }
# Line 109  sub normalizeArgs { Line 287  sub normalizeArgs {
287  sub _accessStorage {  sub _accessStorage {
288    my $self = shift;    my $self = shift;
289    # TODO: to some tracelevel!    # TODO: to some tracelevel!
290    $logger->debug( __PACKAGE__ .  "[$self->{locator}->{type}]" . "->_accessStorage()" );    if ($TRACELEVEL) {
291        $logger->debug( __PACKAGE__ .  "[$self->{locator}->{type}]" . "->_accessStorage()" );
292      }
293    if (!$self->{STORAGEHANDLE}) {    if (!$self->{STORAGEHANDLE}) {
294      $self->_createStorageHandle();      $self->_createStorageHandle();
295    }    }
# Line 117  sub _accessStorage { Line 297  sub _accessStorage {
297    
298  sub _createStorageHandle {  sub _createStorageHandle {
299    my $self = shift;    my $self = shift;
   
300    my $type = $self->{locator}->{type};    my $type = $self->{locator}->{type};
301    $logger->debug( __PACKAGE__ .  "[$type]" . "->_createStorageHandle()" );    $logger->debug( __PACKAGE__ .  "[$type]" . "->_createStorageHandle()" );
302    
303    my $pkg = "Data::Storage::Handler::" . $type . "";    my $pkg = "Data::Storage::Handler::" . $type . "";
304        
305    # propagate args to handler    # try to load perl module at runtime
306    # needs some more thoughts! (not only "dbi" to Tangram, when (in future) db is not more the common case)    my $evalstr = "use $pkg;";
307    if ($type eq 'DBI') {    eval($evalstr);
308      use Data::Storage::Handler::DBI;    if ($@) {
309      #my @args = %{$self->{locator}->{dbi}};      $logger->error( __PACKAGE__ .  "[$type]" . "->_createStorageHandle(): $@" );
310      my @args = %{$self->{locator}};      return;
     # create new storage handle  
     $self->{STORAGEHANDLE} = $pkg->new( @args );  
   }  
   if ($type eq 'Tangram') {  
     use Data::Storage::Handler::Tangram;  
     #$self->{STORAGEHANDLE} = $pkg->new( dsn => $self->{locator}->{dbi}->{dsn} );  
     #my @args = %{$self->{locator}->{dbi}};  
     my @args = %{$self->{locator}};  
     # create new storage handle  
     $self->{STORAGEHANDLE} = $pkg->new( @args );  
   
     #$self->{STORAGEHANDLE_UNDERLYING} = $self->{STORAGEHANDLE}->getUnderlyingStorage();  
     #$self->{STORAGEHANDLE_UNDERLYING}->_configureCOREHANDLE();  
311    }    }
312        
313      # build up some additional arguments to pass on
314      #my @args = %{$self->{locator}};
315      my @args = ();
316    
317      # - create new storage handle object
318      # - propagate arguments to handler
319      # - pass locator by reference to be able to store status- or meta-information in it
320      $self->{STORAGEHANDLE} = $pkg->new( locator => $self->{locator}, @args );
321    
322  }  }
323    
324  sub addLogDispatchHandler {  sub addLogDispatchHandler {
# Line 175  sub addLogDispatchHandler { Line 350  sub addLogDispatchHandler {
350  }  }
351    
352  sub removeLogDispatchHandler {  sub removeLogDispatchHandler {
353      my $self = shift;
354        my $self = shift;    my $name = shift;
355        my $name = shift;    #my $logger = shift;
356        #my $logger = shift;    $logger->remove($name);
   
       $logger->remove($name);  
   
357  }  }
358    
359  sub getDbName {  sub getDbName {
# Line 199  sub testDsn { Line 371  sub testDsn {
371    if ( my $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, '', '', {    if ( my $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, '', '', {
372                                                        PrintError => 0,                                                        PrintError => 0,
373                                                        } ) ) {                                                        } ) ) {
374        
375        # TODO: REVIEW
376      $dbh->disconnect();      $dbh->disconnect();
377        
378      return 1;      return 1;
379    } else {    } else {
380      $logger->error( __PACKAGE__ .  "[$self->{locator}->{type}]" . "->testDsn(): " . "DBI-error: " . $DBI::errstr );      $logger->warning( __PACKAGE__ .  "[$self->{locator}->{type}]" . "->testDsn(): " . "DBI-error: " . $DBI::errstr );
381    }    }
382  }  }
383    
384  sub createDb {  sub testAvailability {
385    my $self = shift;    my $self = shift;
386    my $dsn = $self->{locator}->{dbi}->{dsn};    my $status = $self->testDsn();
387      $self->{locator}->{status}->{available} = $status;
388    $logger->debug( __PACKAGE__ .  "->createDb( dsn $dsn )" );    return $status;
   
   $dsn =~ s/database=(.+?);//;  
   my $database_name = $1;  
   
   my $ok;  
     
   if ( my $dbh = DBI->connect($dsn, '', '', {  
                                                       PrintError => 0,  
                                                       } ) ) {  
     if ($database_name) {  
       if ($dbh->do("CREATE DATABASE $database_name;")) {  
         $ok = 1;  
       }  
     }  
     $dbh->disconnect();  
   }  
     
   return $ok;  
     
389  }  }
390    
391    
392  sub dropDb {  sub dropDb {
393    my $self = shift;    my $self = shift;
394    my $dsn = $self->{locator}->{dbi}->{dsn};    my $dsn = $self->{locator}->{dbi}->{dsn};
# Line 251  sub dropDb { Line 408  sub dropDb {
408          $ok = 1;          $ok = 1;
409        }        }
410      }      }
411    
412      $dbh->disconnect();      $dbh->disconnect();
413    
414    }    }
415        
416    return $ok;    return $ok;
# Line 262  sub isConnected { Line 421  sub isConnected {
421    return 1 if $self->{STORAGEHANDLE};    return 1 if $self->{STORAGEHANDLE};
422  }  }
423    
 1;  
424    1;
425    __END__
426    
427    
428    =head1 DESCRIPTION
429    
430    =head2 Data::Storage
431    
432      Data::Storage is a module for accessing various "data structures / kinds of structured data" stored inside
433      various "data containers".
434      We tried to use the AdapterPattern (http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?AdapterPattern) to implement a wrapper-layer
435      around core CPAN modules (Tangram, DBI).
436    
437    =head2 Why?
438    
439      You will get a better code-structure (not bad for later maintenance) in growing Perl code projects,
440      especially when using multiple database connections at the same time.
441      You will be able to switch between different _kinds_ of implementations used for storing data.
442      Your code will use the very same API to access these storage layers.
443          ... implementation has to be changed for now
444      Maybe you will be able to switch "on-the-fly" without changing any bits in code in the future....
445          ... but that's not the focus
446    
447    =head2 What else?
448    
449      Having this, we were able to do implement a generic data synchronization module more easy,
450      please look at Data::Transfer.
451    
452    
453    =head1 AUTHORS / COPYRIGHT
454    
455      The Data::Storage module is Copyright (c) 2002 Andreas Motl.
456      All rights reserved.
457      You may distribute it under the terms of either the GNU General Public
458      License or the Artistic License, as specified in the Perl README file.
459    
460    
461    =head1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
462    
463      Larry Wall for Perl, Tim Bunce for DBI, Jean-Louis Leroy for Tangram and Set::Object,
464      Sam Vilain for Class::Tangram, Jochen Wiedmann and Jeff Zucker for DBD::CSV & Co.,
465      Adam Spiers for MySQL::Diff and all contributors.
466    
467    
468    =head1 SUPPORT / WARRANTY
469    
470      Data::Storage is free software. IT COMES WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND.
471    
472    
473    =head1 TODO
474    
475    
476    =head2 BUGS
477    
478    "DBI-Error [Tangram]: DBD::mysql::st execute failed: Unknown column 't1.requestdump' in 'field list'"
479    
480      ... occours when operating on object-attributes not introduced yet:
481      this should be detected and appended/replaced through:
482      "Schema-Error detected, maybe (just) an inconsistency.
483      Please check if your declaration in schema-module "a" matches structure in database "b" or try to run"
484      db_setup.pl --dbkey=import --action=deploy
485    
486    
487    Compare schema (structure diff) with database ...
488    
489      ... when issuing "db_setup.pl --dbkey=import --action=deploy"
490      on a database with an already deployed schema, use an additional "--update" then
491      to lift the schema inside the database to the current declared schema.
492      You will have to approve removals and changes on field-level while
493      new objects and new fields are introduced silently without any interaction needed.
494      In future versions there may be additional options to control silent processing of
495      removals and changes.
496      See this CRUD-table applying to the actions occouring on Classes and Class variables when deploying schemas,
497      don't mix this up with CRUD-actions on Objects, these are already handled by (e.g.) Tangram itself.
498      Classes:
499        C create    ->  yes, handled automatically
500        R retrieve  ->  no, not subject of this aspect since it is about deployment only
501        U update    ->  yes, automatically for Class meta-attributes, yes/no for Class variables (look at the rules down here)
502        D delete    ->  yes, just by user-interaction
503      Class variables:
504        C create    ->  yes, handled automatically
505        R retrieve  ->  no, not subject of this aspect since it is about deployment only
506        U update    ->  yes, just by user-interaction; maybe automatically if it can be determined that data wouldn't be lost
507        D delete    ->  yes, just by user-interaction
508      
509      It's all about not to be able to loose data simply while this is in pre-alpha stage.
510      And loosing data by being able to modify and redeploy schemas easily is definitely quite easy.
511      
512      As we can see, creations of Classes and new Class variables is handled
513      automatically and this is believed to be the most common case under normal circumstances.
514    
515    
516    =head2 FEATURES
517    
518      - Get this stuff together with UML (Unified Modeling Language) and/or standards from ODMG.
519      - Make it possible to load/save schemas in XMI (XML Metadata Interchange),
520        which seems to be most commonly used today, perhaps handle objects with OIFML.
521        Integrate/bundle this with a web-/html-based UML modeling tool or
522        some other interesting stuff like the "Co-operative UML Editor" from Uni Darmstadt. (web-/java-based)
523      - Enable Round Trip Engineering. Keep code and diagrams in sync. Don't annoy/bother the programmers.
524      - Add support for some more handlers/locators to be able to
525         access the following standards/protocols/interfaces/programs/apis transparently:
526        +  DBD::CSV (via Data::Storage::Handler::DBI)
527       (-) Text::CSV, XML::CSV, XML::Excel
528        -  MAPI
529        -  LDAP
530        -  DAV (look at PerlDAV: http://www.webdav.org/perldav/)
531        -  Mbox (use formail for seperating/splitting entries/nodes)
532        -  Cyrus (cyrdeliver - what about cyrretrieve (export)???)
533        -  use File::DiffTree, use File::Compare
534        -  Hibernate
535        -  "Win32::UserAccountDb"
536        -  "*nix::UserAccountDb"
537        -  .wab - files (Windows Address Book)
538        -  .pst - files (Outlook Post Storage?)
539        -  XML (e.g. via XML::Simple?)
540      - Move to t3, look at InCASE
541      - some kind of security layer for methods/objects
542        - acls (stored via tangram/ldap?) for functions, methods and objects (entity- & data!?)
543        - where are the hooks needed then?
544          - is Data::Storage & Co. okay, or do we have to touch the innards of DBI and/or Tangram?
545          - an attempt to start could be:
546             - 'sub getACLByObjectId($id, $context)'
547             - 'sub getACLByMethodname($id, $context)'
548             - 'sub getACLByName($id, $context)'
549                ( would require a kinda registry to look up these very names pointing to arbitrary locations (code, data, ...) )
550    
551    
552    
553    =head3 LINKS / REFERENCES
554    
555      Specs:
556        UML 1.3 Spec: http://cgi.omg.org/cgi-bin/doc?ad/99-06-08.pdf
557        XMI 1.1 Spec: http://cgi.omg.org/cgi-bin/doc?ad/99-10-02.pdf
558        XMI 2.0 Spec: http://cgi.omg.org/docs/ad/01-06-12.pdf
559        ODMG: http://odmg.org/
560        OIFML: http://odmg.org/library/readingroom/oifml.pdf
561    
562      CASE Tools:
563        Rational Rose (commercial): http://www.rational.com/products/rose/
564        Together (commercial): http://www.oi.com/products/controlcenter/index.jsp
565        InCASE - Tangram-based Universal Object Editor
566        Sybase PowerDesigner: http://www.sybase.com/powerdesigner
567      
568      UML Editors:
569        Fujaba (free, university): http://www.fujaba.de/
570        ArgoUML (free): http://argouml.tigris.org/
571        Poseidon (commercial): http://www.gentleware.com/products/poseidonDE.php3
572        Co-operative UML Editor (research): http://www.darmstadt.gmd.de/concert/activities/internal/umledit.html
573        Metamill (commercial): http://www.metamill.com/
574        Violet (university, research, education): http://www.horstmann.com/violet/
575        PyUt (free): http://pyut.sourceforge.net/
576        (Dia (free): http://www.lysator.liu.se/~alla/dia/)
577        UMLet (free, university): http://www.swt.tuwien.ac.at/umlet/index.html
578        Voodoo (free): http://voodoo.sourceforge.net/
579        Umbrello UML Modeller: http://uml.sourceforge.net/
580    
581      UML Tools:
582        http://www.objectsbydesign.com/tools/umltools_byPrice.html
583    
584      Further readings:
585        http://www.google.com/search?q=web+based+uml+editor&hl=en&lr=&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&start=10&sa=N
586        http://www.fernuni-hagen.de/DVT/Aktuelles/01FHHeidelberg.pdf
587        http://www.enhyper.com/src/documentation/
588        http://cis.cs.tu-berlin.de/Dokumente/Diplomarbeiten/2001/skinner.pdf
589        http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/vilain00diagrammatic.html
590        http://archive.devx.com/uml/articles/Smith01/Smith01-3.asp
591    
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