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> >	TWiki Shorthand TWiki Editing Rules Using HTML Hyperlinks Internal Links External Links TWiki Variables Common Editing Errors TWiki Plugins TWiki Shorthand Working in TWiki is as easy as typing in text - exactly like email. You don't need to know HTML, though you can use it if you prefer. Links to topics are created automatically when you enter WikiWords. And TWiki shorthand gives you all the power of HTML with a simple coding system that takes no time to learn. It's all layed out below - refer back to this page in a pop-up window from the Edit screen. TWiki Editing Rules Formatting Command: Example: You write: You get: Paragraphs: Blank lines will create new paragraphs. 1st paragraph 2nd paragraph 1st paragraph 2nd paragraph Headings: At least three dashes at the beginning of a line, followed by plus signs and the heading text. One plus creates a level 1 heading (most important), two pluses a level 2 heading; the maximum is level 6. Note: A Table of Content can be created automatically with the %TOC% variable, see TWikiVariables. ---++ Sushi ---+++ Maguro Sushi Maguro Bold Text: Words get bold by enclosing them in * asterisks. *Bold* Bold Italic Text: Words get italic by enclosing them in _ underscores. _Italic_ Italic Bold Italic: Words get _bold italic by enclosing them in _ double-underscores. __Bold italic__ Bold italic Fixed Font: Words get shown in fixed font by enclosing them in = equal signs. =Fixed font= Fixed font Bold Fixed Font: Words get shown in bold fixed font by enclosing them in double equal signs. ==Bold fixed== Bold fixed Note: Make sure to "stick" the * _ = == signs to the words, e.g. take away spaces. _This works_, _this not _ This works, _this not _ Verbatim Mode: Surround code excerpts and other formatted text with <verbatim> and </verbatim> tags. Note: Use <pre> and </pre> tags instead if you want that HTML code is interpreted. Note: Each tag must be on a line by itself. <verbatim> class CatAnimal { void purr() { <code here> } } </verbatim> class CatAnimal { void purr() { <code here> } } Separator: At least three dashes at the beginning of a line. ------- List Item: Three spaces and an asterisk. * bullet item bullet item Nested List Item: Six, nine, ... spaces and an asterisk. * nested stuff nested stuff Ordered List: Three spaces and a number. 1 Sushi 1 Dim Sum Sushi Dim Sum Definition List: Three spaces, the term, a colon, a space, followed by the definition. Note: Terms with spaces are not supported. In case you do have a term with more then one word, separate the words with dashes or with the &nbsp; non-breaking-space entity. Sushi: Japan Dim&nbsp;Sum: S.F. Sushi Japan Dim Sum S.F. Table: Optional spaces followed by the cells enclosed in vertical bars. Note: | *bold* | cells are rendered as table headers. Note: |   spaced   | cells are rendered center aligned. Note: |     spaced | cells are rendered right aligned. Note: | 2 colspan || cells are rendered as multi-span columns. Note: In case you have a long row and you want it to be more readable when you edit the table you can split the row into lines that end with a '\' backslash character. | *L* | *C* | *R* | | A2 | 2 | 2 | | A3 | 3 | 3 | | multi span ||| | A4 \ | next \ | next | L C R A2 2 2 A3 3 3 multi span A4 next next WikiWord Links: CapitalizedWordsStuckTogether (or WikiWords) will produce a link automatically. Note: In case you want to link to a topic in a different netfrag.org web write Webname.TopicName. WebNotify Know.ReadmeFirst WebNotify ReadmeFirst? Forced Links: You can create a forced internal link by enclosing words in double square brackets. Note: Text within the brackets may contain optional spaces; the topic name is formed by capitalizing the initial letter and by removing the spaces; i.e. [[text formatting FAQ]] links to topic TextFormattingFAQ. You can also refer to a different web and use anchors. [[wiki syntax]] [[Main.TWiki users]] wiki syntax Main.TWiki users Specific Links: Create a link where you can specify the link text and the link reference separately, using nested square brackets like [[reference][text]]. Internal link references (i.e. WikiSyntax) and external link references (i.e. http://TWiki.org/) are supported. The same Forced Links rules apply for internal link references. Anchor names can be added as well, like [[WebHome#MyAnchor][go home]] and [[http://www.yahoo.com/#somewhere][Yahoo!]]. [[WikiSyntax][syntax]] [[http://gnu.org][GNU]] syntax GNU Anchors: You can define a link reference inside a netfrag.org topic (called an anchor name) and link to that. To define an anchor write #AnchorName at the beginning of a line. The anchor name must be a WikiWord. To link to an anchor name use the [[MyTopic#MyAnchor]] syntax. You can omit the topic name if you want to link within the same topic. [[WebHome#NotThere]] [[#MyAnchor][Jump]] #MyAnchor To here WebHome#NotThere Jump To here Prevent a Link: Prevent a WikiWord from being linked by prepending it with the <nop> tag. <nop>SunOS SunOS

Using HTML

You can use just about any HTML tag without a problem - however, to keep in mind:

• On collaboration pages, it's preferable NOT to use HTML, and to use TWiki shorthand instead - this keeps the text uncluttered and easy to edit.
  • NOTE: TWiki converts shorthand notation to XHTML 1.0 for display. To copy a fully marked-up page, simply view source in your browser and save the contents.
  • NOTE: The standard installation TWiki is compatible across a wide range of browsers and computer platforms. If this is important to you, remember that using browser-specific tags or any other mark-up that doesn't degrade well will reduce compatibility.

Hyperlinks

Being able to create links without any formatting required is a core TWiki feature, made possible with WikiWords. New TWiki linking rules are a simple extension of the syntax that provide a new set of flexible options.

Internal Links

• GoodStyle is a WikiWord that links to the GoodStyle topic located in the current netfrag.org web.

• NotExistingYet^? is a topic waiting to be written. Create the topic by clicking on the ?. (Try clicking, but then, Cancel - creating the topic would wreck this example!)

External Links

• http://..., https://..., ftp://... and mailto:...@... are linked automatically.

• Email addresses like name@domain.com are linked automatically.

• [[Square bracket rules]] let you easily create non-WikiWord links.

TWiki Variables

Variables are names that are enclosed in percent signs % that are expanded on the fly.

• %TOC% : Automatically generates a table of contents based on headings in a topic - see the top of this page for an example.

• %WEB% : The current web, is TWiki.

• %TOPIC% : The current topic name, is TWikiShorthand.

• %ATTACHURL% : The attachment URL of the current topic. Example usage: If you attach a file to a topic you can refer to it as %ATTACHURL%/image.gif to show the URL of the file or the image in your text.

• %INCLUDE{"SomeTopic"}% : Server side include, includes another topic. The current netfrag.org web is the default web. Example: %INCLUDE{"TWiki.TWikiWebsTable"}%

• There are many more variables, see TWikiVariables.

Common Editing Errors

TWiki formatting rules are fairly simple to use and quick to type. However, there are some things to watch out for, taken from the TextFormattingFAQ:

• Q: Text enclosed in angle brackets like <filename> is not displayed. How can I show it as it is?
  • A: The '<' and '>' characters have a special meaning in HTML, they define HTML tags. You need to escape them, so write '<' instead of '<', and '>' instead of '>'.
    Example: Type 'prog <filename>' to get 'prog <filename>'.

• Q: Why is the '&' character sometimes not displayed?
  • A: The '&' character has a special meaning in HTML, it starts a so called character entity, i.e. '©' is the © copyright character. You need to escape '&' to see it as it is, so write '&' instead of '&'.
    Example: Type 'This & that' to get 'This & that'.

TWiki Plugins

Plugins provide additional text formatting capabilities and can extend the functionality of netfrag.org into many other areas. For example, one optional Plugin lets you create a basic spreadsheet in a similar way to tables. Available Plugins are located in the Plugins web on TWiki.org. Currently enabled plugins on here:

• DefaultPlugin: This plugin can be used to specify some simple custom rendering rules. It also renders deprecated *_text_* as bold italic text.
• HeadlinesPlugin: Build news portals that show headline news based on RSS news feeds from news sites.
• InterwikiPlugin: Link ExternalSite:Page text to external sites based on aliases defined in the InterWikis topic.
• TablePlugin: Control attributes of tables and sorting of table columns
• VisualConfirmPlugin: Plugin for visual confirmation of new user registration.

Check on current Plugin status and settings for this site in TWikiPreferences.

-- MikeMannix - 01 Oct 2001